A Car's Middle Back Seat May Be Least Desirable, but It's the Safest

http://www.buffalo.edu/news/fast-execute.cgi/article-page.html?article=80260009

A CAR'S MIDDLE BACK SEAT MAY BE LEAST DESIRABLE, BUT IT'S THE SAFEST

• In a full car, some poor soul is relegated to the middle of the back seat, the least desirable, most uncomfortable, most "un-cool" spot in the vehicle.
  
  It also happens to be the safest.
  
  University at Buffalo researchers studied all auto crashes involving a fatality in the U.S. between 2000 and 2003 where someone occupied the rear middle-seat.
  
  They found that occupants of the back seat are 59 percent to 86 percent safer than passengers in the front seat* and that, in the back seat, the person in the middle is 25 percent safer than other back-seat passengers.
  
  "After controlling for factors such as restraint use, vehicle type, vehicle weight, occupant age, weather and light conditions, air-bag deployment, drug results and fatalities per crash, the rear middle seat is still 16 percent safer than any other seat in the vehicle," said Dietrich Jehle, M.D., UB associate professor of emergency medicine and lead author on the study.
  
  Results of the study were presented at the May meeting of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine in San Francisco, Calif.
  
  Jehle and colleagues at the Center for Transportation Injury Research (CenTIR), conducted a retrospective cohort study of fatal crashes in which there were rear-seat occupants and at least one fatality in the vehicle. CenTIR is headquartered in the Erie County Medical Center and is affiliated with the Calspan UB Research Center (CUBRC).
  
  The data was obtained from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
  
  The study involved two different sets of fatal crash data. Researchers first analyzed a special class of car crashes in which there were occupants in the front seat and in the middle of the back seat. Fatal crashes in which there was no occupant in the rear middle seat were excluded. This class of crashes involved 27,098 occupants. Researchers compared survival rates of front-seat versus back-seat positions.
  
  The second data set compared survival rates of back-seat occupants only in crashes in which there was at least one fatality. The middle-seat group contained 5,707 occupants, while the "outboard" or window-seat group had 27,611 occupants, for a total of 33,318 back-seat passengers.
  
  The fatality rate for the rear middle-seat occupant then was compared to that of the window-seat positions.
  
  The analysis produced some revealing statistics, aside from the issue of the safest place to be sitting during a crash. The average age of the 33,318 rear seat passengers was 20 years, while middle back-seat passengers were only 15.4 years on average.
  
  Nearly half of the passengers in the back seat -- 46.9 percent -- were not wearing seat belts, results showed, and of these unrestrained passengers, 34.6 percent were fatally injured, compared to only 14.9 percent of seat-belt wearers.
  
  In general, back-seat passengers who wore seat belts were 2.4 to 3.2 times more likely to survive a crash than their unbelted back-seat companions.
  
  One reason the rear middle seat is the safest, Jehle noted, is because passengers sitting in this position have a much larger "crush zone" than rear side-seat passengers in near-side impact crashes. The crush zone is an area of the car designed to collapse in an effort to absorb some of the impact from a collision.
  
  "In addition, in rollover crashes there is potentially less rotational force exerted on the middle seat passenger than on those in the window seats," he said.
  
  "This study reinforces the importance of using seat belts in the back seat, as well as demonstrating that the rear middle seat is the safest," stated Jehle. "Legislation to require rear-seat belt use by all passengers should be strongly supported."
  
  Also contributing to the research were James Mayrose, Ph.D., UB research associate professor of emergency medicine and mechanical and aerospace engineering, and Aruna Priya, a doctoral student in biostatistics.
  
  The research was supported in part by a grant from the Federal Highway Administration awarded to CenTIR.
  
  The University at Buffalo is a premier research-intensive public university, the largest and most comprehensive campus in the State University of New York.

06/27/06
Lois Baker
ljbaker@buffalo.edu
716-645-5000 ext 1417

Click to expand...

Discussion

Re: Rear-center

Interesting.....

Makes me want to put dd back in the middle of my car. I have her outboard so that I can tether her MA rf without the tether crossing basically half the backseat (I have to tether it to the far side of the passenger seat, closest to the door). Is it safe for the tether be like that? If so, I will put the ma back in the middle. Oops sorry for that little tangent lol.

Re: Rear-center

I have a worry that some people will understand this to mean that every rear-center seat is safest no matter what Which of course isn't true: the rear-center position of my '99 Blazer offered no shoulder belt or headrests & the manual said never to install carseat there (although this bit has been improved).

Hehe, no problem -- I'm feeling all studied out right now so I don't remember the recommended tether angle I would feel better leaving kiddo outboard tethered RF for now (unless you get good untethered center install, too) until asking Britax.... We should probably address that in the carseat area of the forum car

There are quite a few studies on rear seating positions. CHOP has done a couple that suggest the risks are about the same. Apparently, the much larger crush space if you are hit in the opposite side balances being on the near side of an impact. At least one other study I found on a Google search a while back claimed the outside was safer.

The problem is that no studies have given us the information we really want to know. Are there any statistics that show a significant advantage to the middle seat for a single, properly restrained child in the back seat. I've even tried to find such a study by contacting various people familiar with this type of research, but so far I haven't found it.

I would guess that with many modern vehicles that have improved side impact protection, there isn't much difference at all. Any seating position in back is safe if you can be properly restrained there.

CPSDarren said:

Are there any statistics that show a significant advantage to the middle seat for a single, properly restrained child in the back seat.

Click to expand...

Exactly, yes, just what I was thinking ~ maybe I know someone (who knows someone who....) at Buffalo *Hmmmmm* just for the fun of waiting for a reply How long before we have more whole-child type data

wouldnt the middle in a vehicle that fit a carseat properly be safer than either given side since it is unsure as to which side, if either, you get hit on? While if you put the child on one side and you were hit on the opposite it would be better because of the greater distance, but what if you were hit on the side the child was on? Wouldnt that be worse than if they were in the middle an equal distance from either impact? -Half safer than if you were hit on the opposite side, but +half safer than if you were hit on the same side? sort of middle ground??
~This is a question lol!~

That was what the CHOP studies discussed. The increased safety of being in the "right" side almost cancels out the added risks of being on the "wrong" side. So overall, it's about the same as being in the middle. But again, their studies didn't really answer the question, too. When you include adults, multiple passengers, improperly restrained, unrestrained and everything else, that's a lot of extra variables when we want to know where to place a properly restrained child.

Theoretically, but we don't have any studies ... just like we don't have studies about the advantage of RF tether or EPS foam, but EPS foam sure makes sense!